Ashura al-Thaniya: Difference between revisions

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'''Ashura al-Thaniya''' (Arabic: عاشوراء الثانية, romanized: ''ʿĀshūrāʾ al-Thāniya'', lit. 'the Second Ashura'), also rendered '''Second Ashura''', is a commemorative observance in [[Hikmah Islam]]. It occurs annually on 10 [[Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]], and commemorates the killing of [[Ali Khamenei]] ~~on 28 February 2026~~, ~~corresponding~~ in Iran to 10 Ramadan 1447 AH.

'''Ashura al-Thaniya''' (Arabic: عاشوراء الثانية, romanized: ''ʿĀshūrāʾ al-Thāniya'', lit. 'the Second Ashura'), also rendered '''Second Ashura''', is a commemorative observance in [[Hikmah Islam]]. It occurs annually on 10 [[Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]], and commemorates the killing of [[Ali Khamenei]], which took place in Iran on 10 Ramadan 1447 AH. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was 28 February 2026.

Ashura al-Thaniya belongs specifically to the commemorative, political, and symbolic vocabulary of Hikmah Islam. In Hikmati usage, [[Ashura al-Ula]] on 10 Muharram is treated as the first Ashura, centred on the martyrdom of [[Husayn ibn Ali]] at [[Karbala]], while Ashura al-Thaniya is treated as a second Ashura, centred on the martyrdom of Ali Khamenei in the context of the 2026 American-Israel war on the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Ali Khamenei served as president of Iran from 1981 to 1989 and as Iran's supreme leader, or ''rahbar'', from 1989 until 2026.<ref name="britannica-khamenei">''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', "Ali Khamenei", updated 13 June 2026, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ali-Khamenei.</ref> On 28 February 2026, Reuters reported that a senior Israeli official said Khamenei had been killed in coordinated Israeli and United States military strikes.<ref name="reuters-khamenei">Reuters, "Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei killed, senior Israeli official says", 28 February 2026, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/irans-supreme-leader-ali-khamenei-killed-senior-israeli-official-says-2026-02-28/.</ref> Al Jazeera reported that Iran declared 40 days of mourning following the killing of Khamenei and other senior officials.<ref name="aljazeera-khamenei">Al Jazeera, "US, Israel attack Iran updates: Khamenei, top security officials killed", 28 February 2026, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/2/28/live-israel-launches-attacks-on-iran-multiple-explosions-heard-in-tehran.</ref>

Within Hikmah Islam, this event is interpreted as the death of a modern embodiment of [[~~Wilayah~~ al-Faqih]] and of anti-imperial religious sovereignty. The designation "martyrdom" is therefore a Hikmati and Khomeinist interpretation of the event, not a neutral description accepted by all observers. In encyclopedic usage, the event may be described neutrally as Khamenei's killing or assassination, while noting that Hikmati interpreters describe it as martyrdom.

Within Hikmah Islam, this event is interpreted as the death of a modern embodiment of Plato's [[Philosopher King]], traditionalist Shi'ism's [[Imamah]], Khomeini's [[Wali al-Faqih]], and of anti-imperial religious sovereignty.

===Date and calendar===

Ashura al-Thaniya is observed in Hikmati usage on 10 Ramadan. The original event occurred on 28 February 2026, which corresponded in Iran to 10 Ramadan 1447 AH. Ramadan in Iran began on 19 February 2026, making 28 February the tenth day of the month.<ref name=~~"timeanddate-iran-ramadan">Timeanddate.com, "Ramadan Start 2026 in Iran", https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/iran/ramadan-begins.</ref><ref name~~=~~"habibur-ramadan">Habibur.com, "Islamic Hijri Calendar For Ramadan - 1447 Hijri", https://hijri.habibur.com/1447/9/.</ref>~~

===Date and calendar===

Because the Islamic calendar is lunar, the Gregorian ~~anniversary~~ of 10 Ramadan changes each year. Ashura al-Thaniya is therefore defined ~~primarily~~ by its Islamic~~-calendar~~ date rather than by a fixed Gregorian date.

Ashura al-Thaniya is dated in Hikmati usage according to the Islamic calendar as observed in Iran, where the event took place. This calendar is treated as the relevant calendar for the observance because it is the calendar of the political-religious order headed by the [[faqih]], [[Philosopher King]], or imam-like figure whose martyrdom the day commemorates.

The original event occurred in Iran on 10 Ramadan 1447 AH. In the Gregorian calendar, this corresponded to 28 February 2026. Ramadan in Iran began on 19 February 2026, making 28 February the tenth day of the month.<ref name="timeanddate-iran-ramadan">Timeanddate.com, "Ramadan Start 2026 in Iran", https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/iran/ramadan-begins.</ref><ref name="habibur-ramadan">Habibur.com, "Islamic Hijri Calendar For Ramadan - 1447 Hijri", https://hijri.habibur.com/1447/9/.</ref>

Because the Islamic calendar is lunar, the Gregorian equivalent of 10 Ramadan changes each year. Ashura al-Thaniya is therefore defined by its Islamic date, 10 Ramadan, rather than by the fixed Gregorian date of 28 February.

==In Hikmah Islam==

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==In the Gregorian calendar==

Ashura al-Thaniya is assigned to 10 Ramadan in the Islamic calendar. Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, the corresponding Gregorian date changes each year. The original event occurred on ~~28 February 2026~~, corresponding in Iran to ~~10 Ramadan 1447 AH~~.

==In the Gregorian calendar==

Ashura al-Thaniya is assigned to 10 Ramadan in the Islamic calendar as observed in Iran. Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, the corresponding Gregorian date changes each year. The original event occurred on 10 Ramadan 1447 AH, corresponding in Iran to 28 February 2026.

{| class="wikitable"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Ashura al-Thaniya''' (Arabic: عاشوراء الثانية, romanized: ''ʿĀshūrāʾ al-Thāniya'', lit. 'the Second Ashura'), also rendered '''Second Ashura''', is a commemorative observance in [[Hikmah Islam]]. It occurs annually on 10 [[Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]], and commemorates the killing of [[Ali Khamenei]] on 28 February 2026, corresponding in Iran to 10 Ramadan 1447 AH.
+'''Ashura al-Thaniya''' (Arabic: عاشوراء الثانية, romanized: ''ʿĀshūrāʾ al-Thāniya'', lit. 'the Second Ashura'), also rendered '''Second Ashura''', is a commemorative observance in [[Hikmah Islam]]. It occurs annually on 10 [[Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]], and commemorates the killing of [[Ali Khamenei]], which took place in Iran on 10 Ramadan 1447 AH. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was 28 February 2026.
 Ashura al-Thaniya belongs specifically to the commemorative, political, and symbolic vocabulary of Hikmah Islam. In Hikmati usage, [[Ashura al-Ula]] on 10 Muharram is treated as the first Ashura, centred on the martyrdom of [[Husayn ibn Ali]] at [[Karbala]], while Ashura al-Thaniya is treated as a second Ashura, centred on the martyrdom of Ali Khamenei in the context of the 2026 American-Israel war on the Islamic Republic of Iran.
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 Ali Khamenei served as president of Iran from 1981 to 1989 and as Iran's supreme leader, or ''rahbar'', from 1989 until 2026.<ref name="britannica-khamenei">''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', "Ali Khamenei", updated 13 June 2026, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ali-Khamenei.</ref> On 28 February 2026, Reuters reported that a senior Israeli official said Khamenei had been killed in coordinated Israeli and United States military strikes.<ref name="reuters-khamenei">Reuters, "Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei killed, senior Israeli official says", 28 February 2026, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/irans-supreme-leader-ali-khamenei-killed-senior-israeli-official-says-2026-02-28/.</ref> Al Jazeera reported that Iran declared 40 days of mourning following the killing of Khamenei and other senior officials.<ref name="aljazeera-khamenei">Al Jazeera, "US, Israel attack Iran updates: Khamenei, top security officials killed", 28 February 2026, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/2/28/live-israel-launches-attacks-on-iran-multiple-explosions-heard-in-tehran.</ref>
-Within Hikmah Islam, this event is interpreted as the death of a modern embodiment of [[Wilayah al-Faqih]] and of anti-imperial religious sovereignty. The designation "martyrdom" is therefore a Hikmati and Khomeinist interpretation of the event, not a neutral description accepted by all observers. In encyclopedic usage, the event may be described neutrally as Khamenei's killing or assassination, while noting that Hikmati interpreters describe it as martyrdom.
+Within Hikmah Islam, this event is interpreted as the death of a modern embodiment of Plato's [[Philosopher King]], traditionalist Shi'ism's [[Imamah]], Khomeini's [[Wali al-Faqih]], and of anti-imperial religious sovereignty.
 ===Date and calendar===
-Ashura al-Thaniya is observed in Hikmati usage on 10 Ramadan. The original event occurred on 28 February 2026, which corresponded in Iran to 10 Ramadan 1447 AH. Ramadan in Iran began on 19 February 2026, making 28 February the tenth day of the month.<ref name="timeanddate-iran-ramadan">Timeanddate.com, "Ramadan Start 2026 in Iran", https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/iran/ramadan-begins.</ref><ref name="habibur-ramadan">Habibur.com, "Islamic Hijri Calendar For Ramadan - 1447 Hijri", https://hijri.habibur.com/1447/9/.</ref>
+===Date and calendar===
-Because the Islamic calendar is lunar, the Gregorian anniversary of 10 Ramadan changes each year. Ashura al-Thaniya is therefore defined primarily by its Islamic-calendar date rather than by a fixed Gregorian date.
+Ashura al-Thaniya is dated in Hikmati usage according to the Islamic calendar as observed in Iran, where the event took place. This calendar is treated as the relevant calendar for the observance because it is the calendar of the political-religious order headed by the [[faqih]], [[Philosopher King]], or imam-like figure whose martyrdom the day commemorates.
+The original event occurred in Iran on 10 Ramadan 1447 AH. In the Gregorian calendar, this corresponded to 28 February 2026. Ramadan in Iran began on 19 February 2026, making 28 February the tenth day of the month.<ref name="timeanddate-iran-ramadan">Timeanddate.com, "Ramadan Start 2026 in Iran", https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/iran/ramadan-begins.</ref><ref name="habibur-ramadan">Habibur.com, "Islamic Hijri Calendar For Ramadan - 1447 Hijri", https://hijri.habibur.com/1447/9/.</ref>
+Because the Islamic calendar is lunar, the Gregorian equivalent of 10 Ramadan changes each year. Ashura al-Thaniya is therefore defined by its Islamic date, 10 Ramadan, rather than by the fixed Gregorian date of 28 February.
 ==In Hikmah Islam==
@@ Line 100: / Line 104: @@
 ==In the Gregorian calendar==
-Ashura al-Thaniya is assigned to 10 Ramadan in the Islamic calendar. Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, the corresponding Gregorian date changes each year. The original event occurred on 28 February 2026, corresponding in Iran to 10 Ramadan 1447 AH.
+==In the Gregorian calendar==
+Ashura al-Thaniya is assigned to 10 Ramadan in the Islamic calendar as observed in Iran. Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, the corresponding Gregorian date changes each year. The original event occurred on 10 Ramadan 1447 AH, corresponding in Iran to 28 February 2026.
 {| class="wikitable"