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'''Hikmah Islam''' ''(Arabic: الحكماء, romanised: Al-Ḥukamāʾ, lit. 'The Wise Ones' or 'The Sages'; or أهل الحكمة, romanised: Ahl al-Ḥikmah, lit. 'The People of Wisdom')'', commonly known as '''Rationalist Islam''', is the rational-empirical branch of the Islamic school of philosophers and mystics. It is mystical-philosophical and noetic-civilisational in nature, centred on the sovereignty of intellect, the cultivation of wisdom, and the perfection of humanity and other sentient beings. | '''Hikmah Islam''' ''(Arabic: الحكماء, romanised: Al-Ḥukamāʾ, lit. 'The Wise Ones' or 'The Sages'; or أهل الحكمة, romanised: Ahl al-Ḥikmah, lit. 'The People of Wisdom')'', commonly known as '''Rationalist Islam''', is the rational-empirical branch of the Islamic school of philosophers and mystics. It is mystical-philosophical and noetic-civilisational in nature, centred on the sovereignty of intellect, the cultivation of wisdom, and the perfection of humanity and other sentient beings. | ||
As a developmental and universalising framework, Hikmah Islam presents itself as a continuation and internal reformulation of the wider ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean wisdom tradition. It traces its conceptual ancestry from ancient Greek classical philosophy, through Jesus' public ministry, Muhammad's proclamations and polity, the intellect and guidance traditions associated with his family and their inner-circle companions, the philosophical ''(Arabic: فلسفة, romanised: falsafa)'' and mystical or ʿirfānic ''(Arabic: عرفان, romanised: ʿirfān)'' developments of the Islamic Golden Age, and into modern philosophy of mind, science, political theory, and future inquiry. | As a developmental and universalising framework, Hikmah Islam presents itself as a continuation and internal reformulation of the wider ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean wisdom tradition. It traces its conceptual ancestry from ancient Greek classical philosophy, through Jesus' public ministry, Muhammad's proclamations and polity, the intellect and guidance traditions associated with his family and their inner-circle companions, the philosophical ''(Arabic: فلسفة, romanised: falsafa)'' and mystical or ʿirfānic ''(Arabic: عرفان, romanised: ʿirfān)'' developments of the Islamic Golden Age, and into modern philosophy of mind, science, political theory, and future inquiry. | ||
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Since intellect can know reality (Epistemological rationalism), reality itself is derived as intelligible rather than ultimately chaotic, arbitrary, or opaque to reason, hence Metaphysical rationalism. | Since intellect can know reality (Epistemological rationalism), reality itself is derived as intelligible rather than ultimately chaotic, arbitrary, or opaque to reason, hence Metaphysical rationalism. | ||
=== 9) Principle of sufficient reason | === 9) Principle of sufficient reason === | ||
Since reality is intelligible (Metaphysical rationalism), every being, event, claim, and distinction must be answerable to explanation rather than accepted as brute assertion, hence the Principle of sufficient reason. | Since reality is intelligible (Metaphysical rationalism), every being, event, claim, and distinction must be answerable to explanation rather than accepted as brute assertion, hence the Principle of sufficient reason. | ||
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=== 16) Analytic idealism === | === 16) Analytic idealism === | ||
Since consciousness is prior and | Since consciousness is prior (Priority of consciousness), and non-conscious substrates are unnecessary (Ontological parsimony), reality is derived as being fundamentally consciousness, hence Analytic idealism. | ||
=== 17) Gradation of consciousness === | === 17) Gradation of consciousness === | ||
Gradation of existence • Gradation of reality • Tashkīk al-wujūd | ''Gradation of existence • Gradation of reality • Tashkīk al-wujūd'' | ||
Since consciousness is fundamental (Analytic idealism) and yet appears in different degrees of clarity, integration, agency, and intensity, consciousness is understood as gradational, hence Gradation of consciousness. | Since consciousness is fundamental (Analytic idealism) and yet appears in different degrees of clarity, integration, agency, and intensity, consciousness is understood as gradational, hence Gradation of consciousness. | ||
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=== 18) Gradation of existence === | === 18) Gradation of existence === | ||
Since consciousness and existence are not finally separable, the gradation of consciousness entails a gradational account of existence itself. | Since consciousness and existence are not finally separable (Analytic idealism), the gradation of consciousness entails a gradational account of existence itself. | ||
=== 19) Meta-Consciousness === | === 19) Meta-Consciousness === | ||
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''Ahura Mazda • Allāh • Aten • Bahā • Brahman • Dao • 'Ēl • Father • God • God the Father • Necessary Existent • Necessary Existentiator • Necessary Reality • Pure Consciousness • Shangdi • Tao • The Divine • The One • Unconditioned Reality • Vishnu • Waheguru • Wājib al-Wujūd'' | ''Ahura Mazda • Allāh • Aten • Bahā • Brahman • Dao • 'Ēl • Father • God • God the Father • Necessary Existent • Necessary Existentiator • Necessary Reality • Pure Consciousness • Shangdi • Tao • The Divine • The One • Unconditioned Reality • Vishnu • Waheguru • Wājib al-Wujūd'' | ||
Since graded consciousness requires | Since graded consciousness requires ultimate grounding (Principle of sufficient reason), the highest and unconditioned reality must be ungraded consciousness, hence Meta-Consciousness. | ||
=== 20) Necessary simplicity === | === 20) Necessary simplicity === | ||