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== Rational Entailments == | == Rational Entailments == | ||
truth exists | |||
→ truth can be known | |||
→ humans have an epistemic capacity | |||
→ intellect is the truth-discerning capacity | |||
→ intellect should govern the self | |||
→ intellect should govern collective life | |||
Hikmah Islam presents its doctrines as a noetic derivation architecture rather than as a strictly linear creed. Within the framework, some positions are treated as direct derivations from first principles, while others are branch applications, sibling entailments, or practical consequences that become explicit only when later ethical, social, or historical problems are introduced. The architecture is therefore arranged pedagogically from first principles to metaphysics, self-cultivation, noocracy, institutional formation, symbolic accommodation, and future inquiry. | |||
From the cognitive and conative dispositions follows a series of entailments that together constitute the framework of Rationalist Islam. They are not adopted as beliefs, asserted as doctrines, or accepted by tradition, but are said to follow by necessity from the structure of reason itself. | From the cognitive and conative dispositions follows a series of entailments that together constitute the framework of Rationalist Islam. They are not adopted as beliefs, asserted as doctrines, or accepted by tradition, but are said to follow by necessity from the structure of reason itself. | ||
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''Al-Basāṭah al-ilāhiyyah • Divine simplicity • Monotheism • Oneness • Oneness of Allah • Oneness of God • Tawhīd'' | ''Al-Basāṭah al-ilāhiyyah • Divine simplicity • Monotheism • Oneness • Oneness of Allah • Oneness of God • Tawhīd'' | ||
Since the ultimate ground cannot depend on parts, composition | Since the ultimate ground of reality is unconditioned (Meta-Consciousness), it cannot be conditioned, meaning it cannot depend on conditions, parts, composition, or external causes, and must therefore be necessarily simple, hence Necessary simplicity. | ||
=== 21) Absolute necessary simplicity === | === 21) Absolute necessary simplicity === | ||
Since | Since Meta-Consciousness is necessarily simple (Necessary simplicity), there can be no distinction between what it is and what it does, meaning it is not merely necessarily simple, but absolutely necessarily simple, hence Absolute necessary simplicity. | ||
=== 22) Necessitarianism === | === 22) Necessitarianism === | ||
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''ʿAdl • Divine justice'' | ''ʿAdl • Divine justice'' | ||
Since the absolutely simple source (Meta-Consciousness) | Since the absolutely simple source (Meta-Consciousness) cannot act from unrealised potential, external compulsion, deliberative change, or arbitrary temporal waiting (Absolute necessary simplicity), what proceeds from it proceeds not contingently, but necessarily, hence Necessitarianism. | ||
=== 23) Atemporality === | === 23) Atemporality === | ||
Since necessary procession from an unchanging source admits no waiting, delay, before, after, or unrealised future (Necessitarianism), the ultimate level of reality is | ''Divine timelessness •'' | ||
Since necessary procession from an unchanging source admits no waiting, delay, before, after, or unrealised future (Necessitarianism), the ultimate level of reality is not temporal, but atemporal, hence Atemporality. | |||
=== 24) Eternalism === | === 24) Eternalism === | ||
''[[Eternal Creation]] •'' | ''[[Eternal Creation]] •'' | ||
Because temporal succession belongs to the manifested order rather than to the ultimate source, all moments within that order are treated as equally real rather than as a moving present that alone exists. | |||
All moments within the temporal order are equally real. | |||
Since temporality belongs to the manifested order rather than to the ultimate source, all moments within the temporal order are treated as equally real rather than as coming into being one by one, hence Eternalism. | Since temporality belongs to the manifested order rather than to the ultimate source, all moments within the temporal order are treated as equally real rather than as coming into being one by one, hence Eternalism. | ||
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=== 25) Rule of one === | === 25) Rule of one === | ||
Because absolute unity cannot directly produce unmediated plurality, the first dependent reality proceeding from the One must itself be one rather than many. | |||
the Plotinian principle that the first direct effect of the One must be one. | |||
Since absolute unity (Absolute necessary simplicity) cannot directly produce unmediated plurality, the first dependent reality proceeding from the One must itself be one, hence the Rule of one. | Since absolute unity (Absolute necessary simplicity) cannot directly produce unmediated plurality, the first dependent reality proceeding from the One must itself be one, hence the Rule of one. | ||
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''First creation • First intellect • First light • Image of God • Imago dei • Mashīyya • Nūr Muhammadiyya • Ontologically first dependent existent • Pen • Perfect creation • Qalam • Universal intellect'' | ''First creation • First intellect • First light • Image of God • Imago dei • Mashīyya • Nūr Muhammadiyya • Ontologically first dependent existent • Pen • Perfect creation • Qalam • Universal intellect'' | ||
Because the first dependent reality proceeds most immediately from Meta-Consciousness, it is understood as the highest derivative consciousness or first conscientiate. | |||
Since the first dependent reality proceeds most immediately from Meta-Consciousness (Rule of one), it is derived as the highest derivative consciousness, hence the First conscientiate. | Since the first dependent reality proceeds most immediately from Meta-Consciousness (Rule of one), it is derived as the highest derivative consciousness, hence the First conscientiate. | ||
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''Angels • Immaterial existents • Malāʾika'' | ''Angels • Immaterial existents • Malāʾika'' | ||
Because multiplicity cannot arise immediately from absolute unity, graded intermediary conscientiates mediate the descent from unity into increasing individuation, fragmentation, and multiplicity. | |||
Since unmediated plurality cannot proceed directly from absolute unity (Rule of one), graded intermediary conscientiates are derived as mediating levels between the first conscientiate and fragmented multiplicity. | Since unmediated plurality cannot proceed directly from absolute unity (Rule of one), graded intermediary conscientiates are derived as mediating levels between the first conscientiate and fragmented multiplicity. | ||
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''Cosmos • Dunyā • Material dimension • Material realm • Material world • Multiverse • Natural World • Olam HaZeh • Physical world • Sensible dimension • Sensible realm • Sensible world • Universe'' | ''Cosmos • Dunyā • Material dimension • Material realm • Material world • Multiverse • Natural World • Olam HaZeh • Physical world • Sensible dimension • Sensible realm • Sensible world • Universe'' | ||
Because the descent of consciousness reaches a level of maximal fragmentation and individuation, the observable universe appears as the empirical domain in which unity is experienced as multiplicity and being is experienced as becoming. | |||
Since the descent of consciousness (Gradation of consciousness and Gradation of existence) reaches a level of maximal individuation and fragmentation, the observable universe is derived as the empirical domain in which unity appears as multiplicity and being appears as becoming. | Since the descent of consciousness (Gradation of consciousness and Gradation of existence) reaches a level of maximal individuation and fragmentation, the observable universe is derived as the empirical domain in which unity appears as multiplicity and being appears as becoming. | ||
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''Tenseless theory of time'' | ''Tenseless theory of time'' | ||
Because temporal becoming belongs to the perspective of fragmented consciousness within the observable universe, time is interpreted as an ordered structure of events rather than as an objectively moving present. | |||
Since temporal becoming belongs to the perspective of fragmented consciousness within the observable universe, time is derived as an ordered structure of events rather than as an objectively moving present, hence the B-theory of time. | Since temporal becoming belongs to the perspective of fragmented consciousness within the observable universe, time is derived as an ordered structure of events rather than as an objectively moving present, hence the B-theory of time. | ||
=== 31) Determinism === | === 31) Determinism === | ||
Because events in the temporal order are already fixed within the whole structure of reality, and because effects follow necessarily from their causes, future actions are determined rather than metaphysically open alternatives. | |||
Since events follow necessarily from their causes (Necessitarianism) and the temporal order is already real as a whole (B-theory of time), future events are derived as determined rather than metaphysically open alternatives, hence Determinism. | Since events follow necessarily from their causes (Necessitarianism) and the temporal order is already real as a whole (B-theory of time), future events are derived as determined rather than metaphysically open alternatives, hence Determinism. | ||
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''Divine Decree • Divine Predestination • Illusion of Libertarian Free Will • Predestination • Qadar • Soft determinism'' | ''Divine Decree • Divine Predestination • Illusion of Libertarian Free Will • Predestination • Qadar • Soft determinism'' | ||
Because desire, intention, deliberation, and will are themselves real parts of the causal structure, determinism does not eliminate agency; it situates agency within the chain of causes. | |||
Since future events are determined rather than metaphysically open alternatives (Determinism), and since desire, intention, deliberation, and will are themselves real parts of the causal order, agency is derived as compatible with determinism rather than cancelled by it, hence Compatibilism. | Since future events are determined rather than metaphysically open alternatives (Determinism), and since desire, intention, deliberation, and will are themselves real parts of the causal order, agency is derived as compatible with determinism rather than cancelled by it, hence Compatibilism. | ||
=== 33) Perdurantism === | === 33) Perdurantism === | ||
Because the person exists across the temporal order as a whole sequence of conscious states, desires, intentions, actions, and reactions, personal persistence is understood as temporal extension rather than as a single present object moving through time. | |||
Since persons exist across the temporal order as sequences of conscious states, desires, intentions, actions, and reactions, personal persistence is derived as temporal extension rather than mere present-moment endurance, hence Perdurantism. | Since persons exist across the temporal order as sequences of conscious states, desires, intentions, actions, and reactions, personal persistence is derived as temporal extension rather than mere present-moment endurance, hence Perdurantism. | ||