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'''Hikmah Islam''' | '''Hikmah Islam''' ''(Arabic: الحكماء, romanised: Al-Ḥukamāʾ, lit. 'The Wise Ones' or 'The Sages'; or أهل الحكمة, romanised: Ahl al-Ḥikmah, lit. 'The People of Wisdom')'', commonly known as '''Rationalist Islam''', is the rational-empirical branch of the Islamic school of philosophers and mystics. It is mystical-philosophical and noetic-civilisational in nature, centred on the sovereignty of intellect, the cultivation of wisdom, and the perfection of humanity and other sentient beings. | ||
As a developmental and universalising framework, Hikmah Islam presents itself as a continuation and internal reformulation of the wider ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean wisdom tradition. It traces its conceptual ancestry from ancient Greek classical philosophy, through Jesus' public ministry, Muhammad's proclamations and polity, the intellect and guidance traditions associated with his family and their inner-circle companions, the philosophical ''(Arabic: فلسفة, romanised: falsafa)'' and mystical or ʿirfānic ''(Arabic: عرفان, romanised: ʿirfān)'' developments of the Islamic Golden Age, and into modern philosophy of mind, science, political theory, and future inquiry. | |||
Central to Hikmah Islam is [[Sovereignty of Intellect]] ''(Arabic: حاكمية العقل, romanised: | Central to Hikmah Islam is [[Sovereignty of Intellect]] ''(Arabic: حاكمية العقل, romanised: Ḥākimiyyah al-ʿAql),'' , the governing principle of both personal and civilisational life. It extends from epistemology and metaphysics through [[Rationalism]], to [[Self-Cultivation]] through [[Mysticism]], and to political theory and the organisation of society through [[Noocracy]]. Its ultimate aim is to maximise the protection, wellbeing, and divinisation of humanity and other sentient beings. | ||
In its account of Sovereignty of Intellect, Hikmah Islam situates Plato's [[Philosopher King]] as its philosophical conception, Jesus' movement as its attempt, Muhammad's polity as its achievement, Islamic Golden Age philosophers and mystics as refiners of its foundational metaphysics, and Ruhollah Khomeini's Islamic Revolution as its revival. | In its account of Sovereignty of Intellect, Hikmah Islam situates Plato's [[Philosopher King]] as its philosophical conception, Jesus' movement as its attempt, Muhammad's polity as its achievement, Islamic Golden Age philosophers and mystics as refiners of its foundational metaphysics, and Ruhollah Khomeini's Islamic Revolution as its revival. | ||
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{{WikiHikmah sidebar}} | {{WikiHikmah sidebar}} | ||
Hikmatis present their movement as a contemporary articulation of | Hikmatis present their movement as a contemporary articulation of an ancient wisdom-oriented project in which religious, philosophical, ethical, historical, and political claims are organised as a connected sequence from first principles to practical order. Grounded in the primacy of the intellect, Hikmah Islam treats reason as the criterion by which authority, identity, symbolism, inherited doctrine, and social order are to be assessed. It therefore defines itself as a principle-led, transcendent, data-driven, argument-based, evidence-based, adaptive, and ethically purposive project in motion rather than a static system of veneration or dogma. | ||
The intellect is understood broadly as mind, consciousness, and the faculty of rational and perceptive apprehension. This emphasis is not confined to a single domain, but extends across the entire spectrum of human existence. Within this framework, the intellect functions simultaneously as receiver, interpreter, and governor. It is the faculty through which reality is apprehended, the instrument by which truth is distinguished from falsehood, and the standard against which beliefs, actions, and institutions are evaluated. As such, it occupies a structurally primary role: directing | The intellect is understood broadly as mind, consciousness, and the faculty of rational and perceptive apprehension. This emphasis is not confined to a single domain, but extends across the entire spectrum of human existence. Within this framework, the intellect functions simultaneously as receiver, interpreter, and governor. It is the faculty through which reality is apprehended, the instrument by which truth is distinguished from falsehood, and the standard against which beliefs, actions, and institutions are evaluated. As such, it occupies a structurally primary role: directing consciousness at the individual level and serving as the proper basis of authority at the collective level. | ||
At the level of the self, this means the rule of intellect over appetite, ego, fear, fantasy, impulse, and inherited error through purification, self-mastery, education, initiation, discipline, and inner transformation. At the level of society, it means the ordering of civilisation by wisdom rather than by force, wealth, tribe, race, clerical formalism, mass appetite, or unexamined dogma. Hikmah Islam therefore treats religion, narrative, myth, law, ritual, education, political authority, esoteric discipline, and institutional formation as historically variable instruments by which different societies may be guided toward higher consciousness and moral-intellectual development. | At the level of the self, this means the rule of intellect over appetite, ego, fear, fantasy, impulse, and inherited error through purification, self-mastery, education, initiation, discipline, and inner transformation. At the level of society, it means the ordering of civilisation by wisdom rather than by force, wealth, tribe, race, clerical formalism, mass appetite, or unexamined dogma. Hikmah Islam therefore treats religion, narrative, myth, law, ritual, education, political authority, esoteric discipline, and institutional formation as historically variable instruments by which different societies may be guided toward higher consciousness and moral-intellectual development. | ||
Its stated aim as guardianship of humanity is not merely the preservation of human life or identity, but the universal cultivation of divine-like human perfection and the progressive actualisation of divine-like qualities such as wisdom, knowledge, justice, mercy, truth, consciousness, self-mastery, creative responsibility, and just civilisational order. | Its stated aim, as a form of guardianship of humanity, is not merely the preservation of human life or identity, but the universal cultivation of divine-like human perfection and the progressive actualisation of divine-like qualities such as wisdom, knowledge, justice, mercy, truth, consciousness, self-mastery, creative responsibility, and just civilisational order. | ||
Divinisation of humanity is understood not as literal identity with God, but similar | Divinisation of humanity is understood not as literal identity with God, but in a sense similar to that advocated and practised by Jesus, Muhammad, and Khomeini: the ethical and mystical embodiment of divine-like human perfection. Within this account, Muhammad and Khomeini are additionally treated as figures through whom prophetic wisdom, revelation, law, community, and civilisational order were historically established or revived, with Khomeini in particular understood as the modern reviver of philosopher-based political leadership reconnecting spiritual authority, legal reasoning, political sovereignty, and the governance of society by religious-intellectual guardianship. | ||
The overarching orientation may therefore be described as noocratic in character: the view that both the individual life and the just ordering of society should be guided by the highest development and correct exercise of the intellect. Its political expression is noocracy: the ordering of personal and collective life by intellect, wisdom, and the highest development of consciousness. In this sense, the intellect is treated as the commander of the human being and, by extension, the rightful principle of leadership in social and political life with the aim of maximising global wellbeing. | The overarching orientation may therefore be described as noocratic in character: the view that both the individual life and the just ordering of society should be guided by the highest development and correct exercise of the intellect. Its political expression is noocracy: the ordering of personal and collective life by intellect, wisdom, and the highest development of consciousness. In this sense, the intellect is treated as the commander of the human being and, by extension, the rightful principle of leadership in social and political life with the aim of maximising global wellbeing. | ||
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[[File:Hikmah_Scholars_Courtyard.png|center|900px]] | [[File:Hikmah_Scholars_Courtyard.png|center|900px]] | ||
==Name and | ==Name and identity== | ||
The word ''ḥikmah'' is usually translated as wisdom. In the context of Hikmah Islam, it refers not merely to accumulated knowledge, but to the disciplined integration of wisdom as integrated knowledge, virtue, and right ordering of life. truth, intellect, consciousness, and right action. ''Islam'' is used both in its specific religious sense and in its broader semantic sense of alignment, surrender, or ordering of the self in relation to ultimate reality. | |||
Hikmah Islam may be described analytically as a form of noetic wisdom tradition, religious-philosophical framework, or noetic-civilisational project. These descriptions are not intended to replace its symbolic name, but to identify its function when abstracted from particular religious or cultural forms. | |||
As an entailment of their commitment to rational inquiry, epistemic pluralism, and intellectual accommodation, adherents of Rationalist Islam employ self-designations contextually rather than absolutely. Terminological choice is treated not as a fixed badge of immutable identity, but as a communicative instrument governed by audience, subject matter, pedagogical objective, and strategic relevance. | As an entailment of their commitment to rational inquiry, epistemic pluralism, and intellectual accommodation, adherents of Rationalist Islam employ self-designations contextually rather than absolutely. Terminological choice is treated not as a fixed badge of immutable identity, but as a communicative instrument governed by audience, subject matter, pedagogical objective, and strategic relevance. | ||
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Rationalist Muslims identify themselves as Khomeinists because they regard Rūḥollāh Khomeini as the figure who inaugurated the Revival Era through revolution, resistance, and the reanimation of the Muhammadan movement under modern conditions. This designation is strengthened by the fact that many adherents are near-contemporaries of that era and therefore understand it not merely as distant history, but as a living civilisational turning point. They venerate Khomeini for his emphasis on Muslim unity, his refusal to allow minor jurisprudential, and even certain doctrinal, differences to eclipse larger geopolitical and moral struggles, and his attempt to restore religion to the plane of historical agency. They also esteem his philosophy, mysticism, poetry, politics, geopolitical vision, anti-imperialism, his opposition to ethnosupremacy including Zionism, his unwavering dedication to the oppressed including Palestinians, Black people, and victims of Western hegemony, as well as his charisma, bidomainal genius, willingness to override rigid jurisprudential dogmatism, and for his commitment to the many modern challenges of anti-imperialist resistance economy. Rationalist Muslims often repeat a maxim when discussing the idea of the Philosopher King: Plato conceived it, Jesus tried it, Muḥammad achieved it, Khomeini revived it. | Rationalist Muslims identify themselves as Khomeinists because they regard Rūḥollāh Khomeini as the figure who inaugurated the Revival Era through revolution, resistance, and the reanimation of the Muhammadan movement under modern conditions. This designation is strengthened by the fact that many adherents are near-contemporaries of that era and therefore understand it not merely as distant history, but as a living civilisational turning point. They venerate Khomeini for his emphasis on Muslim unity, his refusal to allow minor jurisprudential, and even certain doctrinal, differences to eclipse larger geopolitical and moral struggles, and his attempt to restore religion to the plane of historical agency. They also esteem his philosophy, mysticism, poetry, politics, geopolitical vision, anti-imperialism, his opposition to ethnosupremacy including Zionism, his unwavering dedication to the oppressed including Palestinians, Black people, and victims of Western hegemony, as well as his charisma, bidomainal genius, willingness to override rigid jurisprudential dogmatism, and for his commitment to the many modern challenges of anti-imperialist resistance economy. Rationalist Muslims often repeat a maxim when discussing the idea of the Philosopher King: Plato conceived it, Jesus tried it, Muḥammad achieved it, Khomeini revived it. | ||
== Cognitive | == Cognitive Dispositions == | ||
The cognitive dispositions are the minimal rational commitments presupposed by coherent thought, intelligible discourse, and principled inquiry. They are not treated here as sectarian dogmas or inherited articles of faith, but as the most basic conditions under which anything can be meaningfully asserted, denied, distinguished, explained, or investigated at all. In that sense, they function as prior commitments of reason: not conclusions reached at the end of inquiry, but the logical preconditions that make inquiry possible. | The cognitive dispositions are the minimal rational commitments presupposed by coherent thought, intelligible discourse, and principled inquiry. They are not treated here as sectarian dogmas or inherited articles of faith, but as the most basic conditions under which anything can be meaningfully asserted, denied, distinguished, explained, or investigated at all. In that sense, they function as prior commitments of reason: not conclusions reached at the end of inquiry, but the logical preconditions that make inquiry possible. | ||
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<br /> | <br /> | ||
Whatever is real is, in principle, intelligible: it has some reason, ground, or explanation for why it is rather than is not, even if that ground is intrinsic rather than external, simple rather than composite, or presently unknown to us. This minimal form of the Principle of Sufficient Reason does not assume that every explanation is easy, exhaustive, or immediately accessible. It asserts only that reality is not brute chaos. To affirm intelligibility is to affirm that existence is not finally resistant to reason, even where human understanding remains partial, provisional, or domain-limited. | Whatever is real is, in principle, intelligible: it has some reason, ground, or explanation for why it is rather than is not, even if that ground is intrinsic rather than external, simple rather than composite, or presently unknown to us. This minimal form of the Principle of Sufficient Reason does not assume that every explanation is easy, exhaustive, or immediately accessible. It asserts only that reality is not brute chaos. To affirm intelligibility is to affirm that existence is not finally resistant to reason, even where human understanding remains partial, provisional, or domain-limited. | ||
The demand that reality, events, beliefs, and claims be accountable to explanation rather than accepted as brute assertion. | |||
Explanation; cause; ground; reason why; sufficient reason; causal order; intelligible ground; account; ''ʿillah''. | |||
=== 4. Contingency and Dependent Existence === | === 4. Contingency and Dependent Existence === | ||
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Explanation cannot be self-grounding in a viciously circular sense, nor can it be deferred without end through an infinite chain of merely derivative dependence. A circle explains nothing if each member depends for its intelligibility on the others while none possesses self-sufficiency; likewise, an endless regress of dependent explanations never arrives at an actual ground. For explanation to succeed, a chain of dependence must terminate in that which is not merely borrowed, conditioned, or derivative, but self-sufficient. Without such termination, explanation is only postponed, not achieved. | Explanation cannot be self-grounding in a viciously circular sense, nor can it be deferred without end through an infinite chain of merely derivative dependence. A circle explains nothing if each member depends for its intelligibility on the others while none possesses self-sufficiency; likewise, an endless regress of dependent explanations never arrives at an actual ground. For explanation to succeed, a chain of dependence must terminate in that which is not merely borrowed, conditioned, or derivative, but self-sufficient. Without such termination, explanation is only postponed, not achieved. | ||
== Conative | == Conative Dispositions == | ||
If the cognitive dispositions are the minimal conditions of coherent thought, the conative dispositions are the minimal orientations of will required for coherent thought to become a lived and ethically serious project. Reason alone does not guarantee sincerity, courage, discipline, or action. One may recognise a truth and yet refuse it; one may understand the good and yet remain indifferent to it. The conative dispositions therefore concern the direction of desire, aspiration, and practical commitment. They are the volitional conditions under which rational insight can issue in self-cultivation, moral seriousness, and civilisational purpose. | If the cognitive dispositions are the minimal conditions of coherent thought, the conative dispositions are the minimal orientations of will required for coherent thought to become a lived and ethically serious project. Reason alone does not guarantee sincerity, courage, discipline, or action. One may recognise a truth and yet refuse it; one may understand the good and yet remain indifferent to it. The conative dispositions therefore concern the direction of desire, aspiration, and practical commitment. They are the volitional conditions under which rational insight can issue in self-cultivation, moral seriousness, and civilisational purpose. | ||
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<br /> | <br /> | ||
This disposition is the willingness to subordinate psychological ease, inherited familiarity, social approval, and personal convenience to what one has best reason to judge true. It entails a principled resistance to self-deception, motivated reasoning, sentimental attachment to falsehood, and the refusal to revise one’s position when evidence or argument requires it. Without such a preference, reason becomes merely instrumental: a tool for decorating prior loyalties rather than correcting them. Preference for truth over comfort is therefore the first moral discipline of the intellect, and the condition of all genuine intellectual integrity. | This disposition is the willingness to subordinate psychological ease, inherited familiarity, social approval, and personal convenience to what one has best reason to judge true. It entails a principled resistance to self-deception, motivated reasoning, sentimental attachment to falsehood, and the refusal to revise one’s position when evidence or argument requires it. Without such a preference, reason becomes merely instrumental: a tool for decorating prior loyalties rather than correcting them. Preference for truth over comfort is therefore the first moral discipline of the intellect, and the condition of all genuine intellectual integrity. | ||
'''Epistemic responsibility''' | |||
The obligation to proportion belief, action, and authority to truth, evidence, reasoning, and the limits of knowledge. | |||
Intellectual honesty; sincerity; ''ikhlāṣ''; trustworthiness; verification; discipline; humility; evidence; accountability. | |||
=== 2. Self-Cultivation === | === 2. Self-Cultivation === | ||
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Where truth, justice, and the protection or elevation of others demand a cost, the rational agent must possess some willingness to bear that cost. This disposition names the tendency to accept loss, discomfort, risk, labour, or personal disadvantage in service of a higher good. It does not glorify self-destruction, nor does it sanctify suffering for its own sake. Rather, it rejects the assumption that self-preservation, comfort, and advantage are the highest principles of action. Self-sacrifice is the test of seriousness: the point at which proclaimed values prove whether they are genuine commitments or merely aesthetic preferences. | Where truth, justice, and the protection or elevation of others demand a cost, the rational agent must possess some willingness to bear that cost. This disposition names the tendency to accept loss, discomfort, risk, labour, or personal disadvantage in service of a higher good. It does not glorify self-destruction, nor does it sanctify suffering for its own sake. Rather, it rejects the assumption that self-preservation, comfort, and advantage are the highest principles of action. Self-sacrifice is the test of seriousness: the point at which proclaimed values prove whether they are genuine commitments or merely aesthetic preferences. | ||
== | == Rational Entailments == | ||
From the cognitive and conative dispositions follows a series of entailments that together constitute the framework of Rationalist Islam. They are not adopted as beliefs, asserted as doctrines, or accepted by tradition, but are said to follow by necessity from the structure of reason itself. | From the cognitive and conative dispositions follows a series of entailments that together constitute the framework of Rationalist Islam. They are not adopted as beliefs, asserted as doctrines, or accepted by tradition, but are said to follow by necessity from the structure of reason itself. | ||
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Rationalist Islam proceeds on the principle that no claim is exempt from reason’s jurisdiction. Every position is derived — not asserted — by applying the Five Prior Rational Commitments. What follows is a continuous sequence of conclusions that any rational agent should grant once those priors are accepted. | Rationalist Islam proceeds on the principle that no claim is exempt from reason’s jurisdiction. Every position is derived — not asserted — by applying the Five Prior Rational Commitments. What follows is a continuous sequence of conclusions that any rational agent should grant once those priors are accepted. | ||
===1) Metaphysical rationalism=== | The rational entailments form the central architecture of Hikmah Islam. They are intended to show how the framework moves from the most basic conditions of consciousness and intelligibility to metaphysics, ethics, revelation, authority, political order, and future inquiry. | ||
'''Purpose of the sequence''' | |||
The purpose of the sequence is to display the internal order of Hikmah Islam. Rather than presenting beliefs as isolated doctrines, the entailment sequence arranges them as a progression in which each stage depends upon, clarifies, or extends prior stages. The sequence is also intended to show how terms from multiple cultures and traditions may be abstracted into a shared conceptual grammar. | |||
'''Hikmah comparative clusters''' | |||
A ''Hikmah comparative cluster'' is a group of religious, philosophical, mythic, cultural, or symbolic terms that Hikmah Islam interprets as converging upon, approximating, or partially expressing a rational entailment. These clusters are part of the framework's comparative method. They do not assert that all terms in a cluster have the same historical origin, doctrinal use, or communal meaning. | |||
=== 1) Phenomenal consciousness === | |||
''Gnōthi seauton • Knowing soul • Maʿrifat al-nafs • Reflexive recognition • Self-awareness • Subjective experience • Self-knowledge • Witnessing self'' | |||
Since contemplation begins from the undeniable presence of experience, phenomenal consciousness is the first datum from which the architecture proceeds. the subjective, first-person "what it is like" experience of being alive, encompassing feelings, sensations, and perceptions like seeing color or feeling pain | |||
=== 2) Alethic realism === | |||
Since phenomenal consciousness distinguishes between appearance, assertion, denial, error, and correction, the distinction between truth and falsehood is derived. asserting that the truth of beliefs, statements, or propositions is objective and determined by whether the world actually is as that statement claims, rather than depending on human minds. | |||
=== 3) Epistemic realism === | |||
Since truth and falsehood are real distinctions, it is possible to know truth or at least approach it, hence Epistemic realism. | |||
=== 4) Epistemic capacity === | |||
''ʿAql • Buddhi • Discernment • Higher Mind • Light of Intelligence • Ratio Rationality Reason • Logos • Noetic Faculty • Nous • Understanding'' | |||
Since it is possible to know truth or at least approach it, the human being must possess a capacity by which knowledge, judgement, and discernment are possible, hence Epistemic capacity. | |||
=== 5) Cognitive–affective–conative triad === | |||
''Hierarchy of faculties • Trilogy of mind • Tripartite soul'' | |||
Since the human being must possess a capacity by which knowledge, judgement, and discernment are possible (Epistemic capacity), and since this capacity and other capacities, such as feeling and intention, are not identical (Law of identity), the human being is essentially composed of cognition (thinking), affect (feeling), and conation (doing), hence the Cognitive–affective–conative triad. | |||
=== 6) Noetic discernment === | |||
Since the human being is essentially composed of the Cognitive–affective–conative triad, and since it must possess a capacity by which knowledge, judgement, and discernment are possible (Epistemic capacity), that capacity is the intellect, hence Noetic discernment. | |||
=== 7) Epistemological rationalism === | |||
Since intellect is the truth-discerning capacity (Noetic discernment), reason is treated as the primary method of judgement, correction, and justification, hence Epistemological rationalism. | |||
=== 8) Metaphysical rationalism === | |||
Since intellect can know reality (Epistemological rationalism), reality itself is derived as intelligible rather than ultimately chaotic, arbitrary, or opaque to reason, hence Metaphysical rationalism. | |||
=== 9) Principle of sufficient reason | |||
Since reality is intelligible (Metaphysical rationalism), every being, event, claim, and distinction must be answerable to explanation rather than accepted as brute assertion, hence the Principle of sufficient reason. | |||
=== | === 10) Foundationalism === | ||
=== | Since explanation cannot regress indefinitely without grounding (Principle of sufficient reason), inquiry is directed toward first principles, hence Foundationalism. | ||
=== | === 11) Epistemic parsimony === | ||
Since inquiry seeks grounded explanation (Principle of sufficient reason and Foundationalism), assumptions should not be multiplied beyond necessity, hence Epistemic parsimony. | |||
=== 12) Ontological parsimony === | |||
Since unnecessary assumptions should be avoided (Epistemic parsimony), ultimate entities, substances, and principles should not be multiplied beyond necessity, hence Ontological parsimony. | |||
=== 13) Ontological priority === | |||
Since some realities explain others more basically than they are explained by them (Epistemic parsimony and Ontological parsimony), reality is ordered according to what is fundamental and what is derivative, hence Ontological priority. | |||
=== 14) Non-reductive consciousness === | |||
Since consciousness is the condition under which all objects, methods, and explanations appear (Phenomenal consciousness), and since ultimate entities, substances, and principles should not be multiplied beyond necessity (Ontological parsimony), consciousness cannot be treated merely as one ordinary object among others, hence Non-reductive consciousness. | |||
=== 15) Priority of consciousness === | |||
''Primacy of [[Consciousness]]'' | |||
Since consciousness is the first datum and the condition of intelligibility (Phenomenal consciousness), consciousness is treated as prior in explanation to what appears within it, hence the Priority of consciousness. | |||
=== 16) Analytic idealism === | |||
Since consciousness is prior and ontological parsimony rejects unnecessary non-conscious substrates, reality is derived as fundamentally consciousness or consciousness-dependent, hence Analytic idealism. | |||
=== | === 17) Gradation of consciousness === | ||
Gradation of existence • Gradation of reality • Tashkīk al-wujūd | Gradation of existence • Gradation of reality • Tashkīk al-wujūd | ||
=== | Since consciousness is fundamental (Analytic idealism) and yet appears in different degrees of clarity, integration, agency, and intensity, consciousness is understood as gradational, hence Gradation of consciousness. | ||
=== 18) Gradation of existence === | |||
Since consciousness and existence are not finally separable, the gradation of consciousness entails a gradational account of existence itself. | |||
=== 19) Meta-Consciousness === | |||
''Ahura Mazda • Allāh • Aten • Bahā • Brahman • Dao • 'Ēl • Father • God • God the Father • Necessary Existent • Necessary Existentiator • Necessary Reality • Pure Consciousness • Shangdi • Tao • The Divine • The One • Unconditioned Reality • Vishnu • Waheguru • Wājib al-Wujūd'' | |||
Since graded consciousness requires an ultimate ground of consciousness, intelligibility, existence, and value, Meta-Consciousness is derived as the highest and unconditioned reality. | |||
=== 20) Necessary simplicity === | |||
''Al-Basāṭah al-ilāhiyyah • Divine simplicity • Monotheism • Oneness • Oneness of Allah • Oneness of God • Tawhīd'' | |||
Since the ultimate ground cannot depend on parts, composition, conditions, or external causes, Meta-Consciousness is derived as necessary and simple. | |||
=== 21) Absolute necessary simplicity === | |||
Since any residual composition would introduce dependence into the ultimate ground, the necessary source is derived as absolutely simple. | |||
=== 22) Necessitarianism === | |||
''ʿAdl • Divine justice'' | |||
Since the absolutely simple source (Meta-Consciousness) lacks unrealised potential, external compulsion, and arbitrary change (Absolute necessary simplicity), what proceeds from it proceeds necessarily, hence Necessitarianism. | |||
=== | === 23) Atemporality === | ||
Since necessary procession from an unchanging source admits no waiting, delay, before, after, or unrealised future (Necessitarianism), the ultimate level of reality is derived as atemporal, hence Atemporality. | |||
=== | === 24) Eternalism === | ||
''[[Eternal Creation]] •'' | |||
Since temporality belongs to the manifested order rather than to the ultimate source, all moments within the temporal order are treated as equally real rather than as coming into being one by one, hence Eternalism. | |||
=== | === 25) Rule of one === | ||
Since absolute unity (Absolute necessary simplicity) cannot directly produce unmediated plurality, the first dependent reality proceeding from the One must itself be one, hence the Rule of one. | |||
=== | === 26) First conscientiate === | ||
''First creation • First intellect • First light • Image of God • Imago dei • Mashīyya • Nūr Muhammadiyya • Ontologically first dependent existent • Pen • Perfect creation • Qalam • Universal intellect'' | |||
Since the first dependent reality proceeds most immediately from Meta-Consciousness (Rule of one), it is derived as the highest derivative consciousness, hence the First conscientiate. | |||
=== 27) Intermediary conscientiates === | |||
''Angels • Immaterial existents • Malāʾika'' | |||
Since unmediated plurality cannot proceed directly from absolute unity (Rule of one), graded intermediary conscientiates are derived as mediating levels between the first conscientiate and fragmented multiplicity. | |||
=== | === 28) Observable universe === | ||
Cosmos • Dunyā • Material dimension • Material realm • Material world • Multiverse • Natural World • Olam HaZeh • Physical world • Sensible dimension • Sensible realm • Sensible world • Universe | ''Cosmos • Dunyā • Material dimension • Material realm • Material world • Multiverse • Natural World • Olam HaZeh • Physical world • Sensible dimension • Sensible realm • Sensible world • Universe'' | ||
Since the descent of consciousness (Gradation of consciousness and Gradation of existence) reaches a level of maximal individuation and fragmentation, the observable universe is derived as the empirical domain in which unity appears as multiplicity and being appears as becoming. | |||
=== 29) Physical empiricism === | |||
''Empirical method • Scientific method'' | |||
Since the observable universe appears through measurable regularities, knowledge of that domain is derived through observation, experiment, and empirical science, hence Physical empiricism. | |||
=== 30) B-theory of time === | |||
''Tenseless theory of time'' | |||
Since temporal becoming belongs to the perspective of fragmented consciousness within the observable universe, time is derived as an ordered structure of events rather than as an objectively moving present, hence the B-theory of time. | |||
=== 31) Determinism === | |||
Since events follow necessarily from their causes (Necessitarianism) and the temporal order is already real as a whole (B-theory of time), future events are derived as determined rather than metaphysically open alternatives, hence Determinism. | |||
=== 32) Compatibilism === | |||
''Divine Decree • Divine Predestination • Illusion of Libertarian Free Will • Predestination • Qadar • Soft determinism'' | |||
Since future events are determined rather than metaphysically open alternatives (Determinism), and since desire, intention, deliberation, and will are themselves real parts of the causal order, agency is derived as compatible with determinism rather than cancelled by it, hence Compatibilism. | |||
=== 33) Perdurantism === | |||
Since persons exist across the temporal order as sequences of conscious states, desires, intentions, actions, and reactions, personal persistence is derived as temporal extension rather than mere present-moment endurance, hence Perdurantism. | |||
=== 34) Axiological realism === | |||
Since personal persistence is temporal extension rather than mere present-moment endurance (Perdurantism), and since reality is intelligible (Metaphysical rationalism), and consciousness admits higher and lower degrees of integration and perfection (Gradation of consciousness), values of conscious states, desires, intentions, actions, and reactions are real rather than merely subjective preferences, hence Axiological realism. | |||
=== 35) Sentient moral considerability === | |||
Since consciousness is fundamental (Analytic idealism) and value is real (Axiological realism), sentient beings are morally considerable in proportion to their capacity for experience, flourishing, suffering, development, and degradation, hence Sentient moral considerability. | |||
=== 36) Perfectionist moral naturalism === | |||
Since value concerns the development or damage of conscious beings (Sentient moral considerability), good and bad are causal effects of actions, habits, institutions, and forms of life on flourishing, consciousness, order, and perfection, hence Perfectionist moral naturalism. | |||
=== 37) Moral causality === | |||
Since actions and conditions develop or damage beings through intelligible cause and effect (Perfectionist moral naturalism), morality is derived as a causal order rather than as mere command, preference, or convention, hence Moral causality. | |||
=== 38) Human nature perfectionism === | |||
Since moral value concerns development and degradation, the human being is derived as a conscious, rational, ethical, and transformable agent whose good lies in the perfection of its highest capacities, hence Human nature perfectionism. | |||
=== 39) Relational personhood === | |||
The human being is constituted, perfected, and obligated through relations with others, and that humanity forms a single moral community rather than a collection of isolated individuals. Since human development depends on recognition, care, language, community, formation, and obligation, personhood is derived as relational rather than isolated. | |||
=== 5) Rational self-governance === | |||
Ḥākimiyyah al-ʿAql • Primacy of intellect • Siyādat al-ʿAql • Sovereignty of intellect • Superiority of intellect | |||
=== | === 18) Conscientiation ex conscientia === | ||
Badā'a • Cosmic unfolding • Creatio ex deo • Creation • Divine command • Effusion Emanation • Fayḍ • Manifestation • Origination • Procession • Tajallī | |||
=== | |||
=== 29) Value realism === | |||
=== 32) Preservation of cognitive health === | |||
Ḥifẓ al-ʿAql • Preservation of intellect | |||
=== 33) Teetotalism === | |||
=== 34) [[Mindfulness]]=== | |||
Dhikr • God consciousness • Meditation • Salāh • Taqwā | Dhikr • God consciousness • Meditation • Salāh • Taqwā | ||
=== | === 35) Volitional self-regulation === | ||
=== | === 36) Temperance === | ||
=== | === 37) Self-cultivation === | ||
=== | === 38) Mysticism === | ||
'Ibādah • Islām • Servitude • Submission • Worship | 'Ibādah • Islām • Servitude • Submission • Worship | ||
=== | === 39) Prayer === | ||
Ṣalāh | Ṣalāh | ||
=== | === 40) Fasting === | ||
Ṣawm | Ṣawm • Ṣiyām | ||
=== | === 41) Charity === | ||
Almsgiving • Zakāh | Almsgiving • Zakāh | ||
=== | === 42) Philanthropy === | ||
=== 43) Wisdom === | |||
Awakening • Noetic perfection • Perfection of the soul • Sagehood • Sanctity • Self-realisation | |||
Integrated knowledge of truth, value, order, and right action; the union of understanding and lived orientation. The fullest development of the human being through intellect, virtue, consciousness, wisdom, and alignment with ultimate reality. | |||
=== 44) Veridical cognition === | |||
Altered state of consciousness • Anubhava • Disclosure • Divine speech • Enlightenment • Heightened consciousness • Henosis • Ilhām • Inspiration • Nirvana • Noetic mystical experience • Nubuwwah • Perfect knowledge acquisition • Prophethood • Revelation • Samadhi • Revelation • Unveiling • Veridical insight • Veridical perception • Waḥī | |||
The acquisition, realisation, or grasp of what is actually the case. It includes accurate perception, valid inference, scientific discovery, moral realisation, strategic understanding, and revelatory or mystical unveiling insofar as the content disclosed genuinely corresponds to reality. | |||
=== | === 46) Cognitive differentiation === | ||
Cognitive heterogeneity • Gradation of intellect • Natural distribution of intellect • Tashkīk al-ʿaql | |||
=== | Human beings vary in cognitive ability, intellectual development, judgement, insight, and wisdom, and social and educational systems must account for this variation without reducing human worth to measurable intelligence. | ||
=== 47) Conative differentiation === | |||
''Conative heterogeneity • Gradation of will • Natural distribution of will • Tashkīk al-irādah'' | |||
Human beings vary in the formation and strength of the will, including motivation, discipline, self-command, perseverance, courage, and moral resolve. It distinguishes the capacity to know or recognise the good from the capacity to desire, choose, and act upon it. | |||
=== 48) Global cultivation === | |||
Maximisation of global wellbeing | |||
=== 49) Noocracy === | |||
=== | Epistocracy • Imāmah • Mulk al-Hakīm • Perfect Manhood • Philosopher Kingship • Rule of intellect • Rule of the wise • Sage-rule • Velāyateh Amr • Velāyateh Faqīh • Wilāyah al-Amr • Wilāyah al-Faqīh | ||
The ordering of personal, institutional, and political life by intellect, wisdom, consciousness, and the highest development of the human being. | |||
=== 50) Noocratic leader === | |||
''Demigod • High-Conscious Individual • High-Integration Individual • Hujjah • Imām • Infallible • Insān al-Kāmil • Insān ‘alā Khuluqin ‘Adhīm • Integrate • Khalīfah • Mālik al-Hakīm • Ma'sūm • Messenger • Meta-Conscious Agent • Nabī • New Man • Noetic guardianship • Perfect Human • Perfect Man • Perfect Rational Animal • Philosopher-guardian • [[Philosopher King]] • Transhuman • Übermensch • Valīyeh Amr • Valīyeh Faqīh • Walīy al-Amr • Walīy al-Faqīh'' | |||
The protection of intellect and consciousness as the means by which humanity, dignity, virtue, and civilisation are preserved and perfected. The fully integrated human agent in whom knowledge, virtue, consciousness, and rightful authority are unified. | |||
=== 51) Noocratic allegiance === | |||
''Mahdism • Messianic expectation • Recognition of the Ḥujjah • Recognition of the Imām • Recognition of the Mujaddid • Recognition of the Qutb • Shī'ism'' | |||
The seeking, identifying, and supporting of a potential or actual noocratic leader. | |||
=== 52) Noocratic self-cultivation === | |||
Bodhisattva vow • Taʾalluh • Takhalluq bi-akhlāq Allāh • Theosis | |||
The deliberate personal formation of intellect, character, will, perception, discipline, and action toward the possibility of noocratic leadership when no adequate noocratic leader, whether potential or actual, is available. | |||
=== 53) Noocratic revolution === | |||
=== 54) [[Social cultivation]] === | |||
=== 55) Noocratic deputy recruitment === | |||
Noocratic recruitment of: ''aide • ally • bāb • chief ally / companion / deputy / lieutenant • confidant • deputy commander / leader • designated successor • emissary • executor • first companion / supporter • guardian • heir apparent / to the movement • helper • inner-circle deputy • legate • lieutenant • most trusted ally • nāṣir • number two • principal aide / lieutenant / supporter • proof-bearer • right hand • right-hand figure / person • ṣāḥib • standard-bearer • successor • successor-designate • supporter • trusted aide / ally / companion / confidant / lieutenant • vicegerent • wazīr'' | |||
=== 56) Noocratic cadre recruitment === | |||
Noocratic recruitment of: ''adepts • advisory circle • anṣār • aṣḥāb • awliyāʾ • charismatic aristocracy • chief companions • chosen circle • circle of discipline / formation / guardianship / intimates / transmission / trust • close companions / disciples • closest companions / confidants • companions • confidants • core circle / group / leadership / participants • custodians • disciples • elect • esoteric circle • first circle • founding cadre / group / nucleus • ḥawāriyyūn • helpers • high-commitment participants • initiates • inner circle • inner-circle network • inner elite / fellowship / group / order / sanctum / school / team • intimates • leadership circle / elite • loyal core • movement core / elite • organising cadre • people of the secret • primary group • private circle • revolutionary cadre / nucleus • standard-bearers • strategic circle • trusted circle / core / few • vanguard circle • witnesses • wuzarāʾ'' | |||
=== 50) Intellectual Accommodation === | |||
Tawriyyah | Tawriyyah | ||
=== | === 51) Intellectual Dissimulation === | ||
Taqīyyah | Taqīyyah | ||
=== | === 52) Cognitive reframing === | ||
=== | === 53) Motifs and Imagery === | ||
Motifs—light, ascent, circle, garden, path—translate abstract truths into memorable forms that shape imagination and action. Repetition builds identity; symbol stabilises norms. | Motifs—light, ascent, circle, garden, path—translate abstract truths into memorable forms that shape imagination and action. Repetition builds identity; symbol stabilises norms. | ||
=== | === 54) Mythopoeia === | ||
=== 55) Mythic reappropriation === | |||
Existing cultural materials can be redeemed: stripped of false metaphysics, rekeyed to the Necessary Existent and rational ethics, and redeployed for formation. Continuity with correction preserves social capital while elevating understanding. | |||
=== 56) Sacralisation === | |||
=== | === 57) Metanarratives === | ||
'''Comparative abstraction''' | |||
The method of identifying shared underlying referents across different symbolic, religious, philosophical, and cultural vocabularies. | |||
Perennial comparison; analogy; typology; correspondence; taʾwīl; universal grammar; archetype; de-symbolisation. | |||
Human agents reason within stories. A metanarrative integrates metaphysics, ethics, and destiny into an intelligible arc that motivates virtue and sacrifice. Without a shared narrative, social coordination and long-range projects degrade. | Human agents reason within stories. A metanarrative integrates metaphysics, ethics, and destiny into an intelligible arc that motivates virtue and sacrifice. Without a shared narrative, social coordination and long-range projects degrade. | ||
=== | === 58) Community === | ||
The collective form through which wisdom, practice, memory, law, and ethical cultivation are transmitted. | |||
Ummah; polis; community; church; sangha; covenant people; fellowship; commonwealth; civilisation; order. | |||
'''Civilisation''' | |||
The organised historical form of a community's metaphysics, ethics, knowledge, institutions, arts, and political order. | |||
Civilisation; ''tamaddun''; culture; polity; commonwealth; sacred order; kingdom; city; ''madīnah''; world-order. | |||
=== 59) Religion === | |||
=== | === 60) Religious beliefs === | ||
Arkān al-īmān • Pillars of faith • 'Uṣūl al-dīn | Arkān al-īmān • Pillars of faith • 'Uṣūl al-dīn | ||
=== | === 61) Religious laws === | ||
Branches of religion • Furūʿ al-dīn • Pillars of practice | Branches of religion • Furūʿ al-dīn • Pillars of practice | ||
=== | === 62) Need for Dogma === | ||
“Dogma” means publicly fixed minima of right belief and practice that coordinate a civilisation. It protects the many from costly error while leaving upper tiers open to demonstration and qualified debate. Dogma is not a substitute for truth; it is a civic guardrail toward it. | “Dogma” means publicly fixed minima of right belief and practice that coordinate a civilisation. It protects the many from costly error while leaving upper tiers open to demonstration and qualified debate. Dogma is not a substitute for truth; it is a civic guardrail toward it. | ||
=== | === 63) Confessional identity === | ||
Shahāda • Testimony of Faith | Shahāda • Testimony of Faith | ||
=== | === 64) Need to Encourage and Control Behaviour === | ||
Where demonstration alone will not move median behaviour, law, institutions, incentives, and norms are rational instruments to align action with the good. This is an application of PSR to collective life: effects follow causes; therefore, design the causes. | Where demonstration alone will not move median behaviour, law, institutions, incentives, and norms are rational instruments to align action with the good. This is an application of PSR to collective life: effects follow causes; therefore, design the causes. | ||
=== | === 65) Norm entrepreneurship === | ||
Messengership • Risālah | |||
=== 66) Pilgrimage === | |||
Ḥajj | |||
=== | === 67) [[Resistance]] === | ||
Tabarrā | Discipline • Exertion • Fighting • Holy war • Jihād • Sacred battle • Striving • Struggle | ||
=== 71) Tawallā === | |||
=== 72) Tabarrā === | |||
=== 73) Future inquiry === | |||
The continuation of the wisdom project through new knowledge, new challenges, and the revision or expansion of inherited formulations. | |||
Open inquiry; ijtihād; renewal; scientific discovery; philosophical investigation; future wisdom; unfolding knowledge. | |||
==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||
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[[MobileChevronTest]] | [[MobileChevronTest]] | ||
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__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== Historical development == | == Historical development == | ||
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The framework distinguishes between analogy, convergence, symbolic resemblance, and strict equivalence. A term placed in a Hikmah comparative cluster is not thereby treated as identical in all respects to every other term in the cluster. The claim is interpretive: that the terms may point toward, approximate, or partially express a shared rational entailment when viewed through the Hikmah framework. | The framework distinguishes between analogy, convergence, symbolic resemblance, and strict equivalence. A term placed in a Hikmah comparative cluster is not thereby treated as identical in all respects to every other term in the cluster. The claim is interpretive: that the terms may point toward, approximate, or partially express a shared rational entailment when viewed through the Hikmah framework. | ||
== Major doctrines and philosophical positions == | == Major doctrines and philosophical positions == | ||